Course Objectives:

•  To improve understanding of heating and desalting of crude distillations.

Course Outline:

• Introduction to Crude Distillation (purpose / phases / heating & desalting equipment).
• Heating and Desalting.

• Reheating and desalting operations.
• Process variables and factors.
• Heating desalted crude.

• Crude Distillation.

•  Pre-separation equipment operation.
• Atmospheric tower operation (Vapor flow - Liquid flow).
•  Equipment associated with atmospheric towers.

•  Vacuum tower operation.

•  Process Variables (pressure, temperature, stripping steam flow, level).

•  Vacuum tower process variables.

Maintaining Process Specifications.

• Fractions and boiling points.
•  Adjusting processes to maintain specs.

 Abnormal Conditions (Flooding, Dry trays, Upset trays).

• Double-Ended Composition Control.
•  Interaction between loops.
•  Measures of interaction.
•  Application of interaction analysis to fractionators.
•  Use of materials and energy balance concepts.

•  Complex Towers.

• Single side draws.
• Intermediate reboilers.
• Intermediate reflux.
• Multiple side draws.

 Who can benefit?

• All refining staff.